{"id":37305,"date":"2026-10-13T13:54:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T13:54:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/angela-ruiz-robles\/"},"modified":"2026-10-13T15:17:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T15:17:51","slug":"angela-ruiz-robles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

In 1949, Spanish teacher \u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles registered patent number 190,698 in Spain: a mechanical, electrical and air-pressure system for reading books. It is considered one of the precursors of the e-book.<\/p>\n

Her idea did not come from imagining the future of reading. It came from something she saw every day in her classroom: the weight of the books her pupils had to carry to school. She wanted to bring the contents of several books together in a single device that could also be updated, illuminated for reading in the dark and magnified to make specific sections easier to read.<\/p>\n

Her Mechanical Encyclopaedia, which she patented again in 1962, incorporated sound, graphics, built-in lighting and the ability to write on its surface. It was two decades ahead of the first digital book and more than half a century ahead of the e-readers we use today.<\/p>\n

There is a less frequently told part of this story that we find particularly interesting. \u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles did not stop at obtaining a patent: the prototype was built at the Artillery Arsenal in Ferrol, and she personally oversaw its construction. She designed the device and made sure it became a reality. Today, it is preserved at the National Museum of Science and Technology in A Coru\u00f1a.<\/p>\n

We see a lot of our own approach in the way she worked.<\/p>\n

Firstly, because lasting solutions often emerge from observing a problem where it actually occurs, rather than from an idea developed in a meeting room. A machine that closes reused cardboard boxes exists because someone looked around a warehouse and noticed perfectly good cardboard being thrown away.<\/p>\n

And secondly, because there is a long way between patenting an idea and making it work. Someone has to bridge that gap. Designing and manufacturing under one roof is more than an organisational decision: it is what makes it possible to turn an idea into a finished machine that works as originally intended.<\/p>\n

At Tecnimusa, we develop, design and manufacture eco-efficient automation solutions for intralogistics in the textile and fashion industry. Every project starts by taking a close look at a specific operation.<\/p>\n

Shall we talk?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact us! <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 1949, la maestra \u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles registr\u00f3 en Espa\u00f1a la patente n\u00famero 190.698: un procedimiento mec\u00e1nico, el\u00e9ctrico y a presi\u00f3n de aire para la lectura de libros. Est\u00e1 considerado uno de los antecedentes del libro electr\u00f3nico. No parti\u00f3 de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":37303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"page_builder":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949 - Tecnimusa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 1949, la maestra \u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles registr\u00f3 en Espa\u00f1a la patente n\u00famero 190.698: un procedimiento mec\u00e1nico, el\u00e9ctrico y a presi\u00f3n de aire para la lectura de libros. Est\u00e1 considerado uno de los antecedentes del libro electr\u00f3nico. No parti\u00f3 de...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tecnimusa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-13T13:54:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-13T15:17:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Biladi Luj\u00e1n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Biladi Luj\u00e1n\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Biladi Luj\u00e1n\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5015e41afb4c1fd77ef5ddd771c7f00f\"},\"headline\":\"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-13T13:54:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-13T15:17:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":371,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949 - Tecnimusa\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-13T13:54:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-13T15:17:51+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1333},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/angela-ruiz-robles\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tecnimusa\",\"description\":\"Web corporativa de Tecnimusa\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Tecnimusa S.L.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/Post-0_Logotipo-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/Post-0_Logotipo-2.png\",\"width\":640,\"height\":220,\"caption\":\"Tecnimusa S.L.\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/tecnimusa\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecnimusa.es\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5015e41afb4c1fd77ef5ddd771c7f00f\",\"name\":\"Biladi Luj\u00e1n\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949 - Tecnimusa","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949","og_description":"En 1949, la maestra \u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles registr\u00f3 en Espa\u00f1a la patente n\u00famero 190.698: un procedimiento mec\u00e1nico, el\u00e9ctrico y a presi\u00f3n de aire para la lectura de libros. Est\u00e1 considerado uno de los antecedentes del libro electr\u00f3nico. No parti\u00f3 de...","og_url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/","og_site_name":"Tecnimusa","article_published_time":"2026-10-13T13:54:45+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-10-13T15:17:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":1333,"url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Biladi Luj\u00e1n","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Biladi Luj\u00e1n","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/"},"author":{"name":"Biladi Luj\u00e1n","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/5015e41afb4c1fd77ef5ddd771c7f00f"},"headline":"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949","datePublished":"2026-10-13T13:54:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-13T15:17:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/"},"wordCount":371,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/","url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/","name":"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949 - Tecnimusa","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif","datePublished":"2026-10-13T13:54:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-13T15:17:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Oct_13_2026_web_ingenio_Angela-Ruiz-blog.avif","width":2000,"height":1333},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/angela-ruiz-robles\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u00c1ngela Ruiz Robles: The teacher who patented a precursor to the E-Book in 1949"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/","name":"Tecnimusa","description":"Web corporativa de Tecnimusa","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#organization","name":"Tecnimusa S.L.","url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Post-0_Logotipo-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Post-0_Logotipo-2.png","width":640,"height":220,"caption":"Tecnimusa S.L."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/tecnimusa"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/5015e41afb4c1fd77ef5ddd771c7f00f","name":"Biladi Luj\u00e1n"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37305"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37310,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37305\/revisions\/37310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecnimusa.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}